In governmental accounting, what is a capital budget?

A capital budget is primarily focused on long-term investments related to a government's infrastructure and capital assets. It represents the first year of a multi-year capital improvement plan, which outlines the specific projects and expenditures that a government plans to undertake over a longer time frame, often extending beyond one fiscal year. This budget is essential because it helps in tracking the financing and execution of large capital projects, such as building roads, bridges, or public facilities, and ensures that these critical investments align with the overall strategic goals of the governmental entity.

This approach also allows for effective planning and prioritization of capital projects based on available funding, needs assessment, and political considerations. By clearly defining the first year of a capital improvement plan, it provides a structured means for allocating resources and forecasting future financial needs related to capital investments.